In this lesson, we are going to learn about the essential components of a computer system, including hardware, software, and how data is processed, stored, and measured.
Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer like the monitor, keyboard, and motherboard, while software consists of electronic instructions that tell the hardware what to do. These two components work together to perform computer operations, and both are required for a computer to function. Firmware sits between hardware and software, embedded in chips like video and sound cards to support specific functions.
We also explore how data enters and exits the computer system through input and output devices such as keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers. The processor or CPU handles all the processing tasks, while storage devices like RAM and hard drives store data. Data is measured in units like bits and bytes, and higher levels like kilobytes (kB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), terabytes (TB), and petabytes (PB).
Lastly, we’ll look at how data speed is measured in Mbps and Gbps, referring to how quickly bits are transferred, especially during internet downloads and uploads. Understanding data measurement and transfer speed is important in assessing computer and internet performance. This foundational knowledge helps users better grasp how their devices manage and process information.